Secondly, the number of prosecuted offenders is small, probably because of the difficulties of tracing and making connections with the offenders who initially recruit and transport persons since many offenders hide their identities. In order to bring more business, the major offender recruited young girls under 18 years old as waitresses. Male customers could pay for the girls who drink alcohol with revealing clothing or other sexual services. All of the 37 court proceedings were downloaded from the Judicial Yuan Law and Regulations Retrieving System . Secondly, a coding book was developed, comprising 20 variables in four groups. “Yu’s rigorous, engaging, and thought-provoking analysis will make an important contribution to the study of gender, work, and the life course will be welcome addition to the required reading lists for graduate courses in these areas.”
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and the Additional file1. Recently, the so-called “decentralization of trafficking” discourse rejects the relationship between organized crime and HT. Perpetrators are believed to be more “free floating”, meaning that the relationship between recruitment, movement and exploitation is much more difficult to prove . First, it might indicate that legal transportation routes are convenient and enough potential victims are available from legal routes. Therefore, there is no need to include multiple traffickers in the HT process.
In a later study, researchers reported that the rate of postpartum depression was 25% in immigrant women and 19% in Taiwanese women in general . Cervical taiwan girls cancer is the second most common female cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. In Taiwan, the standardized mortality rate for cervical cancer was 5.7% in 2009.
- Since current legislation confines sexual exploitation to sexual transactions for profit , other forms of sexual exploitation (e.g. pornography, sex slavery, or bride trafficking) might be overlooked by the system.
- Women who experience physical and sexual abuse often suffer from subsequent serious health issues such as physical injuries, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and depression.
- From 2009 to 2014, this share rose by 6 percent, whereas it took 14 years for it to increase the same amount before 2009.
- Forced marriage in Asian context is more akin to commercial marriages described in an Australia report, which found commercial marriages in Australia to be a means of trafficking people for exploitative purposes .
- For example, it was not until 1990, after married women’s employment had already increased considerably, that the Taiwanese government removed the tax penalty for dual-earner families.
This trend resulted in a rise in household inequality, despite the limited change in individual wage inequality. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.
The WHO reported that suicide ranks seventh as the leading cause of death among women aged 20–59 years old. In the United States, suicide is the eleventh leading cause of death in all age groups and the third leading cause of death among individuals aged between 15 and 24 years . The prevalence of increased weight disorders varies between nations, ethnicities, and age groups. The International Obesity Task Force reported that approximately 2.1billion adults are overweight or obese worldwide. In 2008, the World Health Organization estimated that, globally, nearly 300 million women were obese.
Given the complicated nature of defining HT, the picture of HT in Taiwan remains an open question. Existing literature in Taiwan and elsewhere have focused mostly on trafficked women and girls from abroad. Our understanding of HT in Taiwan will not be sufficient without considering both domestic and foreign victims along with the current victim identification under the HTPA. In addition, the forms of women trafficking and the characteristics of victims and traffickers must be investigated under the unique gender, labor, and migration policies and practices of Taiwan. However, this problem turned more visible when a new disadvantaged group became the target of exploitation and slavery, namely migrant workers since the 1990s to the present day. From 2005 to 2009, Taiwan was listed as Tier 2 in the Trafficking in Persons Report published by the U.S.
Motivations, constraints, and lifestyle adjustments associated with urban Taiwanese women’s use of sport and health clubs
Consequently, an immigrant woman in a transnational marriage in Taiwan might be more likely to experience domestic violence compared to native Taiwanese women. Women who experience physical and sexual abuse often suffer from subsequent serious health issues such as physical injuries, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and depression. Research findings indicate that 95% of battered women have at least one or more recurring physical disorders, and up to 94% of battered women exhibit posttraumatic stress disorders .
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The trafficking of women and girls in Taiwan: characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and forms of exploitation
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Patterns of reported HT in Taiwan
Most cohorts of Taiwanese women had similar levels of employment during their 40s and 50s as in their 20s. Nevertheless, married women’s returns to the labor market become invisible in Figure 1 because each generation of Taiwanese women participates in the labor market at a higher level than the previous one during early child rearing years . This means each new generation’s employment rates in those years are higher than of women in their 40s and 50s, even though the latter’s participation level is the same as when the latter group was in their 20s. Thus, what distinguishes Taiwan’s female employment patterns from Japan and Korea is not a shortage of middle-age women returning to the labor force returns. Rather, the more drastic increases in women’s likelihood to continue their jobs upon marriage or childbearing make Taiwan stand out. Despite the steady increase in women’s employment, Taiwan’s female labor force participation rate is not unusually high among East Asian countries.
The Taiwanese government therefore passed the 2009 Human Trafficking Prevention Act in order to show the government’s decisiveness to stop human trafficking cases . Under the legislation and related policy framework, the problem of trafficking domestic women and girls has finally started to catch the attention of law enforcement agencies. The WHO noted that 15% to 71% of women around the world have experienced physical or sexual violence . The prevalent rate of domestic violence among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders ranges between 41% and 61% .
Therefore, the increasing tendency of Taiwanese women to continue their jobs upon marriage and childbearing is an important driving force for closing the gender gap in the workplace. From 1980 to 1990, women’s hourly wages were less than 70 percent of men’s wages.
